Who regulates the importation of birds, including poultry, pet birds, and wild birds?

• A. APHIS
• B. USFWS
• C. APHIS and USFWS
• D. NOAA

Answer: (C)

Regulation of bird imports involves two main responsibilities: protecting animal health and safeguarding wildlife. APHIS ensures that birds entering the country don’t bring in or spread serious diseases by reviewing health certificates, applying quarantine where needed, and overseeing disease-prevention measures for poultry and pet birds. USFWS enforces wildlife protection and permits for importing wild birds, including migratory and endangered species, under laws like the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Endangered Species Act. Because import scenarios can involve both disease concerns and wildlife protection, both agencies play a role. NOAA isn’t the primary regulator for typical bird imports, as its focus is on marine species and fisheries. So the correct answer reflects the involvement of both APHIS and USFWS.