Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of negative human crisis behavior?

• A. Vicarious rehearsal
• B. Denial
• C. Proactive planning
• D. Fear and avoidance

Answer: (C)

The idea is to distinguish negative crisis responses from constructive coping. In crisis situations, people often fall into denial, fear and avoidance, or even vicarious rehearsal—repeating thoughts about the crisis without taking steps to manage it. These are ways of trying to shield oneself from reality or anxiety, but they can hinder effective action.

Proactive planning stands in contrast to those patterns. It involves actively assessing risks, gathering information, and making concrete steps or contingency plans to address the situation. This is an adaptive, problem-solving response that increases sense of control and readiness, rather than avoiding or delaying action.

So, the behavior that is not a negative crisis response is proactive planning, because it reflects constructive coping rather than avoidance or denial.