Which animal was associated with a national Salmonella outbreak from 2008 to 2011?

• A. Dogs
• B. African Dwarf Frogs
• C. Red eared sliders
• D. Cats

Answer: (B)

Salmonella can spread from animals to people through direct contact or through contaminated environments, so outbreaks often point to the animal reservoir behind the infections. During 2008–2011, a national multistate outbreak was traced to African dwarf frogs kept as pets. These frogs can carry Salmonella in their intestines, and water from their tanks or spills can become contaminated. People can become infected by handling the frogs or cleaning their tanks and then touching their mouths or food, or by touching surfaces or objects that have been contaminated. Public health responses focused on education and hygiene: washing hands after handling amphibians, avoiding letting tank water contact food areas, and implementing proper tank cleaning practices. While other animals can harbor Salmonella, this particular outbreak period was specifically linked to African dwarf frogs, making them the best match for the question.