What is one way Coxiella burnetii can be INDIRECTLY transmitted?

• A. Direct blood contact
• B. On wool, straw, clothing, linens
• C. Airborne spores from soil
• D. Contaminated water

Answer: (B)

Indirect transmission occurs when the bacteria are carried on contaminated materials and become inhaled as dust. Coxiella burnetii is shed by infected livestock, especially during birthing, and can persist in the environment. Materials such as wool, straw, clothing, and linens can harbor the organism; when these are disturbed or processed, the bacteria can become aerosolized and inhaled, leading to infection. This is why exposure to contaminated textiles is a well-recognized indirect route. Direct blood contact isn’t the typical route, and the organism isn’t spread by fungal spores or via contaminated water.