Infected rodents shed hantaviruses through which routes?

• A. Saliva
• B. Feces
• C. Urine
• D. Saliva, Feces, and Urine

Answer: (D)

Hantavirus shedding by infected rodents occurs in all three secretions: saliva, urine, and feces. This means virus particles can contaminate surfaces or become aerosolized when these materials are disturbed, leading to human exposure mainly through inhalation of contaminated dust, while direct contact with saliva or urine can also pose a risk. Because shedding happens in each of these secretions, the option that includes all three routes is the best choice.