Coxiella burnetii is globally distributed.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not distributed
• D. Unknown

Answer: (A)

Coxiella burnetii is globally distributed because it infects domestic and wild ruminants around the world—cattle, sheep, and goats—and is shed in birth products, urine, feces, and milk. Humans usually become infected by inhaling contaminated dust, and the organism can persist in the environment in a hardy, spore-like form, enabling long-range survival outside hosts. With livestock raised and traded worldwide and Q fever reported in many regions, this zoonosis has a global presence. So the statement reflects the true distribution.